Women in the 19C United States of America: Back to School

Sunday, June 14, 2020

Back to School

Edward Lamson Henry (American artist, 1841-1913) A Country School

John George Brown (1831-1913) A Liesure Hour 1881

Constant Mayer (French-born Amerian artist, 1832–1911) The Sewing School

John George Brown (1831-1913) Autumn Landscape 1870

Francis William Edmonds (American artist, 1806–1863) The Two Culprits

John George Brown (1831-1913) School Bound 1873

Winslow Homer (American artist, 1836-1910) Blackboard

Winslow Homer (American artist, 1836-1910) The Country School

Winslow Homer (American artist, 1836-1910) Homework

Winslow Homer (American artist, 1836-1910) The Noon Recess

John George Brown (American artist, 1831-1913) What's Your Name

Winslow Homer (American artist, 1836-1910) Country School

Edward Lamson Henry (American artist, 1841-1913) Kept In

John George Brown (1831-1913) Off to School - A Breezy Morning

Winslow Homer (1836-1910) School Time

Francis William Edmonds (Amercian genre painter, 1806-1863) The New Scholar 1845

About this blog

In colonial America, men were considered superior to woman in all ways. In a strict patriarchal hierarchy, men controlled not only wealth & political power but also how their children were raised, religious questions, & all matters of right & wrong.

In the early part of the 19Cy, however, many Americans experienced a revolution in gender. The doctrine of “separate spheres” maintained that woman’s sphere was the world of privacy, family, & morality while man’s sphere was the public world -– economic striving, political maneuvering, & social competition. But women were interested in equality.

In 1848, New York passed the Married Woman’s Property Act. Now a woman wasn’t automatically liable for her husband’s debts; she could enter contracts on her own; she could collect rents or receive an inheritance in her own right; she could file a lawsuit on her own behalf. She became for economic purposes, an individual. By 1900, every state has passed legislation modeled after this, granting married women some control over their property and earnings.

In 1870 after the Civi War, the 15th Amendment was ratified, saying, “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” African-Americans could vote, but women could not.

But it was not until 1920, that the 19th Amendment was ratified granting women the right to vote. “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.”