Women in the 19C United States of America: 19C American Women

Monday, March 29, 2021

19C American Women - by James Frothingham 1786-1864

James Frothingham (American artist, 1786–1864) Lucia Pickering

James Frothingham was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts, and began as a chaise painter in his father's chaise manufactory. In the Boston area, he studied portraitature under Gilbert Stuart, who said of one of Frothingham's head portraits, "No man in Boston but myself can paint so good a head." Initially the older painter had advised Frothingham to adopt another, less precarious means of earning a livelihood.

James Frothingham (American artist, 1786–1864) Nancy Leeds Thayer

James Frothingham (American artist, 1786–1864) Ann Trusell

James Frothingham (American artist, 1786–1864) Mary Robbins 1821

James Frothingham (American artist, 1786–1864) Elizabeth Brooks

James Frothingham (American artist, 1786–1864) Catharine Littlefield Greene Miller

James Frothingham (American artist, 1786–1864) Ann Hale (Mrs Francis Grant)

James Frothingham (American artist, 1786–1864) Mary White (Mrs Nathaniel West II)

James Frothingham (American artist, 1786–1864) (Mrs William Ware) Mary Waterhouse

James Frothingham (American artist, 1786–1864) Harriet Martineau 1835

About this blog

In colonial America, men were considered superior to woman in all ways. In a strict patriarchal hierarchy, men controlled not only wealth & political power but also how their children were raised, religious questions, & all matters of right & wrong.

In the early part of the 19Cy, however, many Americans experienced a revolution in gender. The doctrine of “separate spheres” maintained that woman’s sphere was the world of privacy, family, & morality while man’s sphere was the public world -– economic striving, political maneuvering, & social competition. But women were interested in equality.

In 1848, New York passed the Married Woman’s Property Act. Now a woman wasn’t automatically liable for her husband’s debts; she could enter contracts on her own; she could collect rents or receive an inheritance in her own right; she could file a lawsuit on her own behalf. She became for economic purposes, an individual. By 1900, every state has passed legislation modeled after this, granting married women some control over their property and earnings.

In 1870 after the Civi War, the 15th Amendment was ratified, saying, “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” African-Americans could vote, but women could not.

But it was not until 1920, that the 19th Amendment was ratified granting women the right to vote. “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.”